Matsuo Basho - Welcome !

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Welcome to the Matsuo Basho Archives 松尾芭蕉！

I want to show you this poet and his work in its own historical and cultural context
of Edo period Japan and the intellectual aspirations of its poets.

. WKD : Matsuo Basho　松尾芭蕉 - Main Entry .
(1644 - 1694)


source :　www.city.iga.lg.jp

hion myoojin 飛音明神 "Jumping Sound God"
Deity of Jumping Sound - his posthumous name


The WKD features many articles about Matsuo Basho.
There are also many hokku discussed, introducing various translations
and the cultural background necessary to their understanding.
Check the long list of "Cultural Keywords".

The hokku are listed in an alphabetical index,
according to the first Japanese word of the poem.
See the sidebar (AAA to XYZ) for the entries.


Find the latest additions here :
. - - - NEWSLETTER - - - .

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Basho nishiki -
a brocade woven
by so many hands

I want to thank all my online friends for the strong support and help with this project.
I hope to be weaving this thread for the next few years.

Gabi Greve, November 2012
Darumapedia, World Kigo Database, Daruma Museum Japan


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. Basho Memorial Day 芭蕉忌 Bashoo ki .
October 12, November 8, November 25 and November 28 of 1694 ?
also called
Winter Rain Anniversary (shigure ki 時雨忌, shigure-e 時雨会)
Old Master's Day (Okina no hi 翁の日)
Green Peach Day (Toosei ki 桃青忌）　
'Green Peach' was Basho's pen name before he choose the Banana plant, Basho.


. Family Ties .
His Wife ? Jutei-Ni 寿貞尼
His Son ? Jirobei 二郎兵衛
His nephew Tooin 桃印　Toin
His father, Matsuo Yozaemon 松尾与左衛門 (? - 1656)
His elder brother, Matsuo Hanzaemon 松尾半左衛門


. List of his works .


. Haikai Meeting with Shayo 潮江車要 .
1694. Shioe Choohei, Osaka 潮江長兵衛,


. Learn from the pine ! .


. Basho jittetsu 芭蕉十哲 .
The 10 most important disciples of Matsuo Basho
and the Genroku period haikai　元禄俳諧.

. Iga Shoomon 伊賀蕉門 Basho students of Iga province .


. Was Basho a ninja or onmitsu spy? .
Onmitsu : Oku no Hosomichi 隠密 - 奥の細道
Sora, Kawai Sora 河合曾良
.
Basho working for the mizu-bugyoo　水奉行
the water "mayor" of the Edo government.
The job of managing the city's water system is handled by the mizu-bugyo and a staff of mizu-bannin (water technicians).


. One Hundred Frogs - translating problems .


Some Fun on the Way

. お守り　Amulet for better haiku writing skills .
with Basho and Sora
奇抜な俳句が作れるようになる芭蕉と曽良語学力おまもり

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During his many travels throughout Japan, Basho introduces famous people,
places and a lot of the local history, culture, legends and even local food.

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. Basho introducing regional food .


. Basho travelling in Japan .
utamakura 歌枕 place names used in Poetry
Basho the fuuraboo　風羅坊 Furabo, "wind-gauze-priest"


Basho's hokku have been called a "poetry of nouns" by Barnhill.
. What is Basho's poetic style? .
karumi - lightness
- - - - - . Imagination versus reality .


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buildings in honor of Matsuo Basho

. Basho-An　芭蕉庵 in Fukagawa, Edo .
- - - - Basho Kinenkan 芭蕉記念館 Basho Memorial Museum . 江東区
- - - - Sekiguchi Bashoan 関口芭蕉庵 Sekiguchi Basho-An


. Bashoo doo 芭蕉堂 Basho Do Hall .
Higashiyama Kyoto and Takakuwa Rankoo 高桑闌更 Takakuwa Ranko


. Basho Inari Jinja 芭蕉稲荷神社 Basho Fox Shrine .
Tokiwa, Koto Ward 江東区常盤1-3 Tokyo


. Haiseiden 俳聖殿 Haisei-Den Hall of the Haiku Saint .
Iga Ueno　伊賀上野

. Shrine Matsuo Jinja 松尾神社 .

. Shigure-An 時雨庵 .

- - - - -

. Basho on Stamps 切手　kitte .


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Basho teaches his students about objective observation
(the word SHASEI 写生 had not been invented yet):

Learn from the pine!

To do that you must leave behind you all subjective prejudice.
Otherwise you will force your own self onto the object
and can learn nothing from it.

Your poem will well-up of its own accord
when you and the object become one,
when you dive deep enough into the object,
to discover something of its hidden glimmer.

. Hokku and Haikai 　　発句と俳諧 .


造化にしたがひ 造化に帰れ.
"Follow the zooka, return to the zooka."
. Zooka, zōka 造化 and Matsuo Basho .
Zoka


Bashō and the Dao:
The Zhuangzi and the Transformation of Haikai
Peipei Qiu

. WKD : The Chinese Connection .
The Chinese origin of many Japanese kigo.



. Zen, Tao, Buddhism - and Matsuo Basho .


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. Basho and Saigyo 芭蕉と西行法師　.

. Travelling with Basho, Travelling with Enku .
芭蕉の旅、円空の旅


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. KIGO used by Basho . 　　

. TOPICS used by Basho . 　　


. - About Matsuo Basho - WKD library - .


. REFERENCE - English . 　　
. REFERENCE - Japanese . 　　


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kigo for all autumn
bashoo 芭蕉 (ばしょう) plantain, banana plant

. Banana plant - Musa paradisiaca .


. "Basho" Banana Plant 能「芭蕉」 .
a Noh Play


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Your suggestions for improvement of my translations are most welcome,
since my mother tongue is German.
Please leave your comments on the BLOG or contact me directly.

Thank you very much for your support!
Gabi Greve


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Check out the contents on the top right side!


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- Newsletter -

The latest additions to this BLOG.

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

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- - - - - 2013 - - - - -

. saki midasu momo no naka yori hatsu-zakura / hatsuzakura .
(spring) first cherry blossoms. peach blossoms everywhere.

. hatsuzakura orishi mo kyoo wa yoki hi nari .
(spring) first cherry blossom. today is a good day
at Iga Ueno　伊賀上野, temple Yakushi-Ji

. . Basho Inari Jinja - Basho Fox Shrine Edo .

. Basho-An in Fukagawa, Edo .

. The Great Bridge of Fukagawa 深川大橋 .

. Zekitsu 是橘 - doctor in Edo .

. hatsu makuwa yotsu ni ya tatan wa ni kiran .
hatsu makuwa yotsu no ya kiran wa ni kiran
(summer) first Makuwa melon. cut it in quarters? or round slices?

. hatsu aki ya umi mo aota mo hito midori .
(autumn) autumn begins. the sea and the fields one shade of green

. Basho visiting - Hoorai san 蓬莱山 Mount Horai-San - .

. chidori tachi fuke-yuku shoya no hieoroshi .
(winter) plovers. night deepens. wind from Mount Hieizan

. machi ishi ya yashikigata yori koma mukae .
(autumn) picking up the horses. doctor of the town. from a samurai mansion

. pencil - Enpitsu de Oku no Hosomichi .

. sono tama ya Haguro ni kaesu nori no tsuki .
(autumn) moon. Moon of the Buddhist Law. his soul has returned to Mount Haguro.
for priest Betto Tenyuu Hoo-in 天佑法院 Tenyu Ho-In.

. kimi hi o take yoki mono misen yuki maruge .
(winter) snowman. you make a fire. I show you something nice (for Sora)

. shiba tsukeshi uma no modori ya tauedaru (taue-daru) .
(summer) planting rice. horses return with a sake cask

. The Hanging Bridge at Kiso 木曽の架け橋　/ 木曽のかけはし　Kiso no Kakehashi .

. - Goyu 御油 and Akasaka 赤 on the Tokaido Road - .

. minazuki wa fukubyoo yami no atsusa kana .
(summer) Minazuki sixth lunar month (July). great heat, time for stomach illness

. yakuran ni izure no hana o kusamakura .
no season. medicine garden. which flower for my pillow?

. shiraga nuku makura no shita ya kirigirisu .
(autumn) crickets. white hair under my pillow

. kusuri nomu sarademo shimo no makura kana .
(winter) frost on my pillow. I drink medicine but

. - Yasomura Rotsuu 八十村路通 Rotsu - .

. kusamakura makoto no hanami shite mo koyo .
(spring) cherry blossom viewing. grass pillow. go and experience it

. fuji no mi wa haikai ni sen hana no ato .
(autumn) wisteria seed pods. theme for our haikai. after the flowers

. iza kodomo hashiri arikan tama-arare .
(winter) jewel-like hail pellets. Children, let's go!

. aki ki ni keri mimi o tazunete makura no kaze .
(autumn) autumn has come. to my ear, visiting my pillow, wind

. hana ayame ichiya ni kareshi Motome kana .
(summer) Ayame iris. withering over night. Kabuki actor Yoshioka Motome 吉岡求馬

. yuku koma no mugi ni nagusamu yadori kana .
(spring) "autumn of the barley". the horse carrying me eats barley. resting at a lodging.

. Yamashiro e Ide no kago karu shigure kana .
(winter) sleet. to Yamashiro. from Ide I had to use a palanquin.

. takegari ya abunaki koto ni yuu shigure .
(autumn) collecting mushrooms. danger of getting drenched. cold evening shower

. shinwara no desomete hayaki shigure kana .
(autumn) new straw. coming out early. winter drizzle




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. - kokoro こころ　－　心　 "heart", mind, soul - .

. - shirazu, shiranu 知らず/　知らぬ　- I do not know - .

. - shigure 時雨 winter drizzle, sleet - .
Basho's pen name was SHIGURE.

. - Traveler's outfit of Matsuo Basho - .

. - Kyooto 京都 Kyoto, Kyo -　Miyako 都 / みやこ- .

. - hatsumono 初物 first things - .

. - hototogisu 郭公 / ホトトギス - .

. - sake　酒 ricewine -
- sakazuki　杯　ricewine cup - .

. - uma　馬 -　koma　駒　 horse, horses - .

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. Basho about Basho - about his own life .

. Basho-An　芭蕉庵 in Fukagawa, Edo .

. Basho shedding tears .
- tears 涙 namida - to cry 泣くnaku -

. One sentence hokku with three segments 5 7 5 .

- aware 哀れ touching, pityful, sorrow -

. - kami 神 Shinto deities, Gods - .

. Kitte 切手　Basho on Stamps .

. - - - karumi かるみ【軽み】 lightness - - - .

. - kire and kireji 切れ　－　切字　cut and cut markers - .

. - kumo　雲 cloud, clouds - .

. mazu - first of all まづ mazu .

. Onomatopoetic expressions .


. pillow　- 枕　makura, 草枕 kusamakura .

. Renku 連句 renga 連歌 Linked Verse .

- tootoi とうとい尊い / 貴い holy, noble, pathos, respectful -

. - ukiyo 浮世 the floating world - .

. - yume 夢　dream - .

. - Hanaya Nizaemon 花屋仁左衛門 - .
the death of Basho in Osaka - 大坂南御堂前


. Business in the name of Basho .

. Family Ties .
His Wife ? Jutei-Ni 寿貞尼
His Son ? Jirobei 二郎兵衛
His nephew Tooin 桃印　Toin


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Cultural Keywords

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- Cultural Keywords used by Basho -

During his many travels around Japan, Basho came to know different places, different regional food, different legends, customs and festivals.

He also wrote about animals and plants, implying his friends or famous people from the past.

In his hokku and travel diaries he introduced many items casually, since they were usually known to his fellow poets of the Edo period.
Some of the themes he introduced are kigo.

But for readers coming from other cultures, most of these words need a special explanation before the hokku can be understood in its proper cultural environment.

Here I will try to list the most important ones,
Basho being my guide to Japanese Culture and the early Edo period.

This is the most important collection
of my Basho Archives of the WKD.


. Basho travelling / traveling in Japan .
utamakura 歌枕 place names used in Japanese poetry


Mit Basho durch die Kultur Japans reisen!


This is a still growing list. Please come back again.
under construction
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松尾芭蕉と元禄文化
Matsuo Basho and the Culture of the Genroku Period

quote
Genroku 元禄
September 1688 - March 1704
The years of Genroku are generally considered to be the Golden Age of the Edo Period. The previous hundred years of peace and seclusion in Japan had created relative economic stability. The arts and architecture flourished.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


. Edo Haikai 江戸俳諧　Haiku and Hokku .


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ama 海士 divers
. WKD : Woman divers (ama 海女 (あま), 海士) .

. Ama 尼　Buddhist Nun .

Amida 阿弥陀 - Amidaboo 阿弥陀坊　 Amidabo
. WKD : Amida Buddha　阿弥陀如来 .

. an 庵 thatched hut - yado 宿 my humble abode .

. Asunaroo, asunarō 翌檜 Asunaro Hinoki cypress .

. aware 哀れ Basho feels the pathos of things .



. Bantaroo 番太郎　flood warden in Edo.

. Basho about Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 .
Enjoy the life of a haikai master in the Edo period.

. betsu zashiki　別座敷 detached sitting room .
(also the title of one of his hokku collections)

biwa 琵琶 lute
. WKD : Biwa 琵琶 lute .

. bunko 文庫 library .

. byoobu 屏風 Byobu, folding screen .


. - cha 茶　tea, green tea - Tee - .

chatsumi 茶摘み picking tea leaves
. WKD : 茶摘み chatsumi, picking tea leaves .

. chausu, cha usu 茶臼 tea-grinding mill .

. chigo 稚児　children temple acolytes .
- - - . chigo no tomo and foxes.

Chigozakura, Chigo-zakura 児桜 famous cherry tree in Akita
. Chigozakura 児桜 .

. Chikusai 竹斎 Doctor Chikusai .
A shabby doctor and his travelling stories


dairibina 　内裏雛 "Emperor Dolls" for the Hina Doll Festival
. WKD : Hina Doll Festival (hina matsuri 雛祭り) .

. doyoo boshi 土用干し　airing during dog days .



. Ebisukoo, Ebisu koo 恵比寿講 Ebisu Ceremony Group .

. . Edo 江戸　the Samurai Capital . .
- - - - - . Edo miyage 江戸土産 souveniers from Edo .


- - - FOOD and DRINK - - -


. fude 筆 brush for writing .

.furiuri, furi-uri 振売 peddlers, hawkers, salesmen .
bootefuri 棒手振り peddlers with a pole on the shoulders

. furumono dana 古物棚　dealer of old things .


furusato 旧里、故郷、ふるさと my hometown, my homeland
- hitosato 一里　and shison 子孫 "children and grandchildren"
- sato 里 sato
- yamazato 山里 mountain village
. WKD : Home village, home town, home land
(furusato ふるさと　故郷、古里) Heimat .
A most important emotional place for the Japanese.

futon 蒲団 Japanese bedding. mino futon 三幅布団 / 三布蒲団
. WKD : 布団　Futon bedding.

futsukayoi 二日酔ひ (futsuka ei) hangover
. WKD : futsukayoi 二日酔い/ 宿酔 hangover .

. fuuga, fūga 風雅 elegance, refinement .
- - - - - and
fuuryuu 風流 elegance, refinement
poetic venture, beginning of all art
. fuuryuu no hajime ya Oku no taue uta .

. fuugetsu, fūgetsu 風月 the beauty of nature .
lit. "wind and moon"

fuyugomori 冬籠り winter confinement, winter isolation
. WKD : fuyugomori 冬篭り winter seclusion .
- - - - - sashikomoru さしこもる (鎖し籠もる)


ganjitsu 元日 first day of the year
. WKD : New Year's Day, ganjitsu 元日 .

. ge　夏　summer retreat .

. geta 下駄　wooden sandals, clogs .

. gobyoo 御廟 imperial mausoleum .
imperial tomb of Godaigo Tenno 後醍醐帝御廟, Yoshino, Emperor Go-Daigo


. goki ichigu 五器一具 one set of begging bowls .
goki 御器 hitosoroi 一揃い


. goten 御殿 palace, manor - tonozukuri 殿造り .

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haikai 俳諧 - hokku 発句 - words used in his poems !
. Hokku and Haikai -　発句と俳諧 .


. hachi takaki, hachitataki 鉢叩き　ceremony for Saint Kuya .
- - - . hachitataki and natto 納豆　fermented beans.

. hakama 袴　Hakama formal trouser skirt .

. hakamairi 墓参り visiting graves at O-Bon .

. hakkei 八景 Eight Views, eight famous scenic spots .

haori 羽織 Japanese coat
. WKD : haori 羽織 coat .

haritate, hari tate 針立 pin cushion, needle cushion
. WKD : hari matsuri 針祭（はりまつり）needle festival .

hasu 蓮 lotus, lotos - rendaino 蓮台野 graveyard
. WKD : Lotus 蓮 hasu .

. hatsugatsuo, hatsu gatsu (katsuo　初鰹) first skipjack bonito of the season .

. - hatsumono 初物 First Things, New Things - .

. hatsu-uma 初午 first day of the horse .

hatsuuma, hatsu uma first day of the horse
. WKD : Horse, Pony (uma 馬, ポニー).

. hei no yane 塀の屋根 wall with a roof .

. heso no o, hozo no o 臍の緒 umbilical cord .

. Hida no takumi 飛騨の工 / 飛騨の匠 craftsman from Hida .

hie oroshi, hieoroshi 日枝颪 wind from Mount Hieizan
. WKD : Wind in various kigo .

. hijiri, hijiri kozoo 聖小僧　mendicant monk, "holy man" .
Basho himself was on a kind of "hijiri" life, travelling all over Japan, without a regular home.

himuro 氷室 (ひむろ) icehouse, ice cellar
. WKD : himuro 氷室 (ひむろ) icehouse, ice cellar .

. hinokigasa 檜木笠 hat made of cypress bark .

hioke 火桶 "fire box", brazier
. WKD : Hibachi, Braziers 火鉢　 .

. hoiro 焙炉 stove to dry green tea leaves .


. Hokku and Haikai 発句と俳諧 .


. hoorai kazari 蓬莢飾 / 蓬莱 Horai-decoration for New Year .

. hotarumi 蛍見 watching fireflies .

. hotoketachi 仏達　Buddha statues .

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ichi 市 market, shiwasu no ichi 師走の市 december market
. WKD : December Market - toshi no ichi 年の市 Last Market of the Year .

imo no kami 痘瘡の神 deity of smallpox
. WKD : Medicine and Illness in Edo .

. iori, an 庵, yado　宿 my humble abode, thatched hut .

iroha　いろは　the Japanese alphabet
. WKD : iroha　いろは　the Japanese alphabet .

. irori 囲炉裏 sunken hearth, fireplace .

. isaribi, kagaribi 漁り火 fire to lure fish .

Izumo no kami 出雲守 governor of Izumo
. WKD : Izumo taisha 出雲大社 Izumo Grand Shrine .



. jinbe, jinbei 甚平　light summer robe .

joo, jō 鎖 chain, used to lock
. WKD : joomae 錠前 locks of Edo .

jooroku 丈六 Joroku Buddha Statue .

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. kabuto 甲 helmet of a samurai .
famous helmet of Saito Sanemori 斉藤実盛,

. kadomatsu 門松　pines at the gate .

. kagami 鏡 mirror .

. kagemachi, kage machi 影待ち waiting for sunrise.

kamado, hetui, hetsui 竈 kitchen stove
. niwa kamado 庭竈 cooking stove in the garden .


. - kami 神 Shinto deities - .

. kamigaki 神垣 "Fence of the Gods", fence of a Shinto shrine .

. kamiko 紙子　 paper robes .
- - - . kamiko paper robe and heat shimmers.

. kami no kao 一言主 face of the deity Hitokotonushi.

. Kanbutsu-e, Kanbutsu 潅仏会: Buddha's Birthday .

- kane 鐘 bell, temple bell, sunset bell -

Kannon 観音
. Kannon Bosatsu 観音菩薩 .

. kapitan カピタン　Kapitein, Captain, Dutch Delegation .

. karahafu, kara hafu 唐破風 Chinese cusped gable .

karakasa からかさ【傘】oil-paper umbrella with a bamboo frame
. WKD : kasa 傘 umbrella .

karakoromo から衣　- 唐衣
. karakoromo から衣　robes from China .

. karo toosen 夏炉冬扇 to be useless
like a stove in summer, a handfan in winter .

kasa 笠 bamboo hat, straw hat
. WKD : Strawhat and more (kasa 笠) .

. katabira 帷子 light linen dress .

. katsuo uri 鰹売 vendor of skipjack, bonito fish monger .

kawara 瓦 roof tiles
. yuki kanashi itsu Daibutsu no kawarabuki .
tiled for the Daibutsu Hall in Nara.
. WKD : Tiles, Roof Tiles Kawara 瓦　かわら .

kawauso no matsuri, kawa uso の祭 Otter Festival
. WKD : kawauso uo o matsuru 獺魚を祭る otter festival.

kazarinawa, kazari nawa 飾り繩
. kazarinawa 飾縄 rope decoration for New Year .


keshizumi 消炭 a kind of sumi 炭 ash
. WKD : keshizumi 消炭 (けしずみ) ash to extinguishing the fire .

. - - kigo and kidai 季語（季題）- - .

. kinuta 砧 fulling block .


. - - kire 切れ　and kireji 切字　- - cut and cut markers - .

koma 駒 - uma 馬 - Japanese horses
komamukae, koma mukae 駒迎へ selecting tribute horses for court
. WKD : aki no komabiki 秋の駒牽 selecting horses in autumn .

. kometsuki 米搗き professional rice grain pounder .

komo 薦 straw mat
. WKD : toshigomo 年薦 straw mat for the New Year .

. komorido 籠人 / 籠り人 person in retreat .
- at temple Hasedera, Nara 長谷寺

kooshi 合子, furugooshi, furu gōshi 古合子 incense container
. WKD : koogoo 香合 Kogo, incense container .

. koromogae 衣替え, 衣かへ 　changeing robes for summer.

. koshi no wata 腰の綿, 腰綿 "cotton wrapper around my hips" .

. kosode 小袖　short-sleeved kimono .

. kotatsu 炬燵　Kotatsu heater .
- - - . okigotatsu 置炬燵　　Kotatsu.

. koto 琴　 Koto zither .
kotobako　琴箱　box for a koto


kuchikiri, kuchi kiri kuchikiri 口切 opening a new jar of tea
. WKD : Tea Ceremony Saijiki .

Kumasaka 熊坂 a Noh play
. WKD : Noo 能 Noh-Performance .

kunchi, kunichi 九日
. okunichi (おくにち) "Honorable Day with a Nine" .

kura 蔵 storehouse
. WKD : Storehouse, warehouse (kura 蔵).

. kusamakura, kusa makura 草枕 pillow stuffed with grass .

Kutsuki bon 朽木盆 tray from the Kutsuki region
. WKD : Tray, trays 盆 bon .


. kyooku 狂句 Kyoku - comic verse, crazy verse .

............................................................................


machi ishi, machiichi, machi isha 町医師 doctor in town
- - - kusuri nomu　薬飲む 　drinking medicine
. WKD : Basho and Medicine in Edo .

. makie, maki-e 蒔絵 gold-silver laquer work .

. makuwa melon 真桑瓜 makuwa uri .
with painted faces on "princess Melon" 姫瓜 hime uri

. manzai 万歳 Manzai performance .

. masu 枡　 measuring box .
- - - . masu 枡　container for ritual sake .

matsukazari 松飾り "pine decroation"
. WKD : kadomatsu 門松 gate decoration with pine .

. mayuhaki, mayu haki 　眉刷毛　 eyebrow brush .


meido 冥土 the Netherworld
. WKD : meido めいど【冥土 / 冥途】 nether world .

. men 面　- 能面 Noh mask .

. mino to kasa 蓑と笠　Mino raincoat and rain hat .
- - -. mino to kasa and minomushi bagworm.

misogi 御祓 summer purification
. Summer Purification Ceremony (nagoshi, misogi) .

. mochibana 餅花 New Year decorations.
lit. "mochi flowers"

. momi suru 籾する hulling rice, polishing rice .
- - - - - Momi suru Oto 籾する音 The Sound of Hulling Rice


Muro no Yashima 室の八嶋 "singing chauldron"
at shrine Omiwa in Tochigi 大神神社

mushiro 筵 take mushiro 簟　bamboo floor mat to sleep on
. WKD : mushiro 筵 portable floor mat .

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nagezukin, nage zukin 投頭巾 square hood
. WKD : hood, zukin 頭巾 .
and - maruzukin, maru zukin 丸頭巾　

. nanshoku、danshoku 男色 homosexuality .

nazuna なづな摘み picking Nazuna seven herbs of spring
. WKD : Shepherd's purse, nazuna 薺.

. Nehanzoo 涅槃像 Statue of Buddha lying down .
- - - . Nehan-e 涅槃会　Nehan ceremony, juzu rosary beads.

nenbutsu Nembutsu, nebutsu 念仏 Prayer to Amida Buddha
. nebutsu 念仏 Prayer to Amida Buddha .

. nenohi, ne no hi 子の日 day of the rat .

nijuushichiya 二十七夜
. WKD : Moon in Autumn - tsukimi .

noren, nooren, nōren 暖簾 door curtain
. WKD : Noren のれん　- ノレン -　暖簾 Door Curtains .

. Noo 能　Noh theater and Basho .

nori no matsu 法の松 "pine of the Buddhist law"
. WKD : kadomatsu 門松 gate decoration with pine .

. nukamiso tsubo 糠味噌壷 pot for fermented Miso paste .
- - - konuka 粉糠 fermented miso paste


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. okoraago 御子良子 Okorago, Shrine maidens at Ise .

. Omeikoo 御命講 Ceremony for Saint Nichiren.

Omizutori, O-mizutori お水取り water-drawing ritual
. Omizutori ceremony in Nara .
水取りや氷の僧の沓の音

Onozumi, Ono-zumi 小野炭 charcoal from Ono
. WKD : Onozumi 小野炭（おのずみ） .

onsen 温泉　hot spring
He visited quite a few, like Kusatsu and Nasu Yumoto.
yu no nagori 湯の名残り
yu o musubu 湯をむすぶ
. WKD : onsen 温泉　hot spring .

oogi ōgi 扇 handfan
. oogi 扇 handfan .

. Oomigaya 近江蚊帳 kaya mosquito net from Omi .

. Ootsu 大津絵　Otsu-e paintings .

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. Persons and People - names in his hokku .

. Places, place names in his hokku .

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ran 蘭の香 Japanese orchids and their fragrance
. WKD : Ran 蘭 orchids .

. Rashoomon 羅生門 Rashomon Gate, Kyoto.

. robiraki 炉開き "opening the hearth".
for the Tea Ceremony

. roosaibushi, rōsaibushi 弄斎節 rosai-bushi, Rosai song .


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. Saga no take　嵯峨の竹 bamboo from Saga　.

. Sakura asa, sakura-asa 桜麻 "cherry-blossom hemp" .

. sarabachi 皿鉢　plates and bowls .

. saru hiki , saruhiki 猿引 monkey trainer .

satori　さとり　悟り　 - Zen enlightenment
. satoranu さとらぬ no enlightenment, unenlightened .

seki 関, sekimori 関守 checkpoint, checkpoint warden
(seki mori)
. sekimori 関守 checkpoint warden .

. sekisooro 節季候 Year End Singers, December Singers .

. semigoromo, semi-goromo 蝉衣 thin "cicada robe" for summer .


shamisen, samisen 三味線
. WKD : Shamisen 三味線 .

. shikishi 色紙　decoration card with poem .

. shime 七五三, shimenawa 注連縄 a sacred rope .

shiro 城 castle, shiro ato 城跡 castle ruins
. WKD : Castle (shiro 城) .

shisoku 紙燭 torch lamp with paper shade
. WKD : Lanterns and lamps in Edo .

shizu 賎 person of low standing
. WKD : Eta and Burakumin .


. - soo, sō 僧 Monk, Priest - .

. soshun, hatsu haru 初春 "First spring", the New Year .

suigaku 水学 study about water works
. WKD : Water Department of Edo and Basho .

Sumo 相撲
. sumoo 相撲　Sumo wrestling .

. susu harai (susuharai) 煤払い　 end of year housecleaning .

. suzuri 硯 inkstone .
suzuribako box for the inkstone 硯箱

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tachi 太刀 large sword
. WKD : tachi, katana 太刀 sword .

take 茸 mushrooms
. WKD : Mushrooms (ki no ko, kinoko 茸, 菌) .

. takimono 薫物、たきもの burning incense .

. takotsubo 蛸壺　octopus pot .

tamamatsuri, tama matsuri 玉まつり
. WKD : O-Bon, 魂祭, 玉祭 festival for the souls .

tamasudare たますだれ (玉簾／珠簾) performance with bamboo sticks
. Nanjing Tamasudare (玉簾／珠簾) .

. tan 反, 段（たん）unit of measurement .

. Tanabata 七夕 Star Festival - 天の川 Amanogawa .

taru 樽 barrel - taue daru 田植樽
sake barrel offered at the end of the rice planting.
. WKD : Sake barrel 樽 taru .

tatami 畳 floor mats
. WKD : Tatami mats .

taue uta 田植えうた song of the rice planters
. fuuryuu no hajime ya Oku no taue uta .

. Teikin Oorai, ōrai 庭訓往来 Teikin Orai textbooks .

. tenbin 天秤　 pair of scales .

tenugui 手ぬぐい　Small Towel
. WKD : tenugui 手ぬぐい　small towels .

. tera 寺 Buddhist temples visited by Basho .

. tsue 杖 walking stick, cane. Wanderstock .

. tsukigane つき鐘 temple bell .

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. ubune boat 鵜船　for cormorant fishing .

- ukiyo 浮世　the floating world -

. umakata 馬方 horse owners .
transport and travel along the Tokaido road

usu 臼 mortar
. WKD : kazariusu 飾臼 dedoration for the mortar .

utabukuro 歌袋　 bag to keep poetry

uzumibi, uzumi-bi 埋火 banked charcoal fire
. WKD : uzumibi 埋火 (うずみび) "hidden fire" .

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waraji, waranji 草鞋　straw sandals
waraji, waranji 草鞋　straw sandals .
- - - . waraji 草鞋　more straw sandals .
- - - . Saigyoo no waraji 西行のわらじ　straw sandals of Saigyo .


wara, shin wara 新藁 new straw
. WKD : shinwara 新藁 (しんわら) new straw .

wata 綿 cotton plants, watabatake 綿畠 cotton fields
. WKD : Cotton (wata) .


yadofuda 宿札 nameplate of a lodging

. yakko 奴 Yakko servant .

. yamabushi 山伏　 mountain ascetics .

. yamagatsu 山賤(やまがつ) forest workers, woodcutters .

. yanagigoori 柳行李 wicker trunk .
koori, katani 行李片荷 carrying boxes for travellers

. yarido 遣り戸, 鑓戸, 槍戸 wooden sliding door .

. yashikigata, yashiki-gata 屋敷方 living in a samurai residence (yashiki) .

yogi 夜着 bedtime quilt
. WKD : Bedtime quilt (yogi 夜着) .

yoki hi よき日 a good day
nichi nichi kore yoki hi
. Daruma : 日々是好日 Every Day is a Good Day .

yojoohan 四畳半　four and a half tatami room
. WKD : tatami floor mats .

yomo 四方 the four directions
. WKD : The Four Directions 東西南北 .

yotsu goki 四つ五器 4 or 5 bowls for wandering monks
. WKD : Food offerings (onjiki 飲食) .

. yukimaruge, yuki maruge 雪丸げ, yuki Daruma 雪だるま snowman .

yuujo, yūjo 遊女 whore, whores, prostitute
. WKD : Geisha, Oiran and more 芸者,花魁


. zashiki 座敷　"sitting room", visitor's room.

zatoo 座頭 blind person
. WKD : Blind people and Haiku .


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Kulturelle Schlüsselworte


All festivals and dates relate to the Asian lunar calendar.

WKD : The Asian Lunar Calendar Reference


. WKD : Main Index .


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Join with your own cultural keywords!

. Haiku - Culture Magazine - .


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. ajisai ya katabira doki no usu asagi .
(summer) hydrangea. linen kimono. light blue


. ajisai ya yabu o koniwa no betsu zashiki .
(summer) hydrangea. thicket. little garden. detached sitting room

. . . . .


. akebono ya shirauo shiroki koto issun .
(spring) dawn, whitefish



- - - - - aki 秋　autumn - - - - -

. aki chikaki kokoro no yoru ya yojoohan .
(autumn) autumn approaches. hearts drawn together. four-and-a-half mat tea room

. aki fukaki tonari wa nani o suru hito zo .
(autumn) autumn deepens. my neighbour. what is he doing?

. akikaze ni orete kanashiki kuwa no tsue .
(autumn) wind. how sad. broken mulberry stick

. akikaze no fukedomo aoshi kuri no iga .
(autumn). wind. even if it blows, chestnut burrs are green

. akikaze no yarido no kuchi ya togarigoe .
(autumn) autumn wind. sliding door. piercing sound


. akikaze ya ishi fuki orosu Asama yama .
(autumn). wind, stone, Mount Asamayama

. aki ki ni keri mimi o tazunete makura no kaze .
(autumn) autumn has come. to my ear, visiting my pillow, wind

. aki no iro nukamiso tsubo mo nakari keri .
(autumn) . pot for fermented Miso paste. he does not have
for Yoshida Kenkoo 吉田兼好 Yoshida Kenko

. aki no kaze Ise no hakahara nao sugoshi .
(autumn) autumn wind. graveyard of Ise. desolate
for Arakida Moritake 荒木田守武

. aki no yo o uchikuzushitaru hanashi kana .
(autumn) night

. aki suzushi te goto ni muke ya uri nasubi .
(autumn) coolness. peeling. melon. eggplant.

. aki totose kaette Edo o sasu kokyoo .
(autumn). ten years. Edo my hometown


. - aki no kure 秋の暮 - autumn dusk - .


- - - - -


. Akokuso no kokoro mo shirazu ume no hana .
(spring) plum blossoms. Ki no Tsurayuki - Akokuso. I do not know his heart


. ame no hi ya seken no aki o Sakai choo .
(autumn). rainy day. the every-day world. Sakai quarters (in Edo)


ama no ya wa koebi ni majiru itodo kana
fisherman - diver, small shrimp



あながちに鵜とせりあはぬかもめ哉
. anagachi ni u to seriawanu kamome kana .
(winter) sea gull. cormorant. do not fight. as usual (anagachi ni)


. ano naka ni maki-e kakitashi yado no tsuki .
(autumn) moon. at the inn. maki-e laquer. I want to draw



. aokute mo aru beki mono o toogarashi .
(autumn) red pepper. green. (for his student Shado 洒堂.)

. aozashi ya kusa mochi no ho ni ide tsu ran .
(summer) aozashi "fresh wheat sweets". mochi rice cakes. ears of wheat


. ara nani tomo ya kinoo wa sugite fukutojiru .
(winter) fugu blowfish soup. yesterday. nothing happened

. ara tooto aoba wakaba no hi no hikari - .
(summer) fresh leaves. at Nikko


- - - - - . arare 霰 hail in winter . - - - - -
jewel-like pellets, tama arare 玉霰

. arare kiku ya kono mi wa moto no furugashiwa .
(winter) hail. I am the same as before, like an old oak tree

. arare seba ajiro no hio o nite dasan .
(winter) hail. wicker fish trap. small ayu trout. cooking


- - - - -



. araumi ya Sado ni yokotau ama no kawa .
ara umi ya Sado ni yokotau Amanogawa
(autumn) Milky Way. wild sea. Sado Island


. ariake mo misoka ni chikashi mochi no oto .
(winter) sound of pounding mochi. dawn. last day of the year


. arigataya yuki o kaorasu Minamidani .
- arigataya yuki o kaorasu kaze no oto
(winter) snow, valley Minamidani at Haguro.
for the ascetic Egaku
- and
arigataya yuki o kaorasu kaze no oto



- - - - - . - asagao 朝顔 morning glory -
. - - - - -

. asagao wa heta no kaku sae aware nari .
(autumn) morning glories. painted poorly. showing pathos
for Hattori Ransetsu


. asagao wa sakamori shiranu sakari kana .
(autumn) morning glories. we drink sake and make merry


. asagao ya hiru wa joo orosu mon no kaki .
(autumn) morning glories. locked during daytime. my fence gate
- and
asagao ya kore mo mata waga tomo narazu
- Basho closes the Fukagawa Hermitage. heikan no setsu 閉関の説



- - - - -


. asagi あさぎ - 浅黄 / 浅葱 hues of light yellow, green and blue .


. asamutsu ya tsukimi no tabi no ake-banare .
(autumn) moon viewing. six in the morning. travelling. dawn


. asa-tsuyu ni yogorete suzushi uri no doro .
asatsuyu ni yogorete suzushi uri no tsuchi
(autumn) dew in the morning. melon. mud
and MELON haiku by Basho

. asacha nomu soo shizuka nari kiku no hana .
(autumn) chrysanthemum. morning tea. quietude

. asagao ni ware wa meshi kuu otoko kana .
(autumn) morning glories. I am a man eating rice




ashi, Tamae no ashi 玉江の芦 Tamae reed grass
月見せよ玉江の芦を刈らぬ先
tsukimi seyo / Tamae no ashi o / karanu saki



. asu wa chimaki Naniwa no kareha yume nare ya .
(summer) Chimaki ritual rice cakes. tomorrow. dry leaves from Naniwa (Osaka). dream


. awa hie ni toboshiku mo arazu kusa no io .
(autumn) foxtail and barn millet. not scarce. thatched hut



. ayamegusa ashi ni musuban waraji no o .
(summer) iris. straw sandals


. ayu no ko no shirauo okuru wakare kana .
(spring) ayu sweetfish. whitefish. to say good bye
Basho (the whitefish) at Senju, departing from his young disciples (ayu no ko).


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Buson wrote
. Basho satte sono nochi imada toshi kurezu .

Since Basho left the world,
Not yet has
"The year drawn to its close."
Tr. Blyth

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- - - - - bashoo 芭蕉 the banana plant - - - - -

. - Bashō-An, 芭蕉庵 Basho-An in Fukagawa　深川　- .

. - Basho Inari Jinja 芭蕉稲荷神社 Basho Fox Shrine - .
Tokiwa, Koto Ward 江東区常盤1-3 Tokyo

. bashooha o hashira ni kaken io no tsuki .
moon above my humble abode






. bashoo nowaki shite tarai ni ame o kiku yo kana .
- - bashooha o hashira ni kaken io no tsuki
- kigo about the banana plant


ばせを植ゑてまづ憎む荻の二葉哉
baseo uete mazu nikumu ogi no futaba kana
. bashoo uete mazu nikumu ogi no futaba kana .


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ぴいと啼く尻声悲し夜の鹿
bii to naku / shirigoe kanashi / yoru no shika
the deer at night sound like biii


琵琶行の夜や三味線の音あられ
Biwakō no / yo ya samisen no / oto arare
Lake Biwako



. botan shibe fukaku wake-izuru hachi no nagori kana .
(summer) peony. pistils the bee withdraws regretfully
for - Hayashi Tooyoo 桐葉 Hayashi Toyo -




不精さや掻き起されし春の雨
bushōsa ya / kakiokosareshi / haru no ame
lazy, indolent


. byoobu ni wa yama o egaite fuyu-gomori .
(winter) winter seclusion. folding screen. a painted mountain


病雁の夜寒に落ちて旅寝哉
byoogan no yosamu ni ochite tabine kana
ill duck, sleeping, travelling

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. - cat　猫　neko - .


. - cha 茶　tea - Tee - .


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. chichi-haha no shikiri ni koishi kiji no koe .
(spring) voice of a pheasant, father, mother




- - - - - . chidori 千鳥 plover . - - - - -

千鳥立ち更け行く初夜の日枝颪
. chidori tachi fuke-yuku shoya no hieoroshi .
(winter) plovers. night deepens. wind from Mount Hieizan


- - - - -



. chimaki yuu katate ni hasamu hitai gami .
(summer) Chimaki ritual rice cakesd. one hand. hair.
for the Boy's Festival



地に倒れ根に寄り花の別れかな
chi ni taore / ne ni yori hana no / wakare kana
parting of friends



- - - - - chiru　散る　ちる　cherry blossoms fall - - - - -

. chiru hana ya tori mo odoroku koto no chiri .
(spring) falling cherry blossoms. surprized birds. dust on a koto zither

. chiru yanagi aruji mo ware mo kane o kiku .
(autumn) leaves of the willow are falling, myself

. . . . .



. chisa wa mada aoba nagara ni nasubi-jiru .
(summer) eggplant soup. salad. green


- - - - - . - choo, chō 蝶 butterfly - . - - - - -
spring

. choo mo kite su o suu kiku no namasu kana .
(autumn) chrysanthemum. to sip vinegar. butterfly pickled chrysanthemum petals

蝶の羽のいくたび越ゆる塀の屋根
. choo no ha no ikutabi koyuru hei no yane .
(spring) butterfly. how many times? wall with a roof

蝶の飛ぶばかり野中の日影哉
. choo no tobu bakari nonaka no hikage kana .
(spring) butterfly. fluttering fields. sunlight.


蝶鳥の浮つき立つや花の雲
chō tori no / uwatsuki tatsu ya / hana no kumo


蝶よ蝶よ唐土の俳諧問はん
. choo yo choo yo Morokoshi no haikai towan .
(spring) butterfly. Haikai in China. I want to ask
For Chunag-Tsu. to ask about the Haikai in China


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. Choosoo no haka mo meguru ka hachi takaki - hachitataki.
(New Year) hachi tataki Memorial service for saint Kuya Shonin. walk around a grave.
木下長嘯子 / Chooshoo 長嘯 Kinoshita Choshoshi



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. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .


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