WKD - Matsuo Basho Archives: KK KK

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14/07/2012

kiku chrysanthemum

by Hasegawa Keika

more TBA - for usu　臼 hand mill, see below
In alphabetical order
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秋を経て蝶もなめるや菊の露　
aki o hete / chō mo nameru ya / kiku no tsuyu
autumn, butterfly, chrysanthemum

朝茶飲む僧静かなり菊の花
. asacha nomu soo shizuka nari kiku no hana .

蝶も来て酢を吸ふ菊の膾哉
chō mo kite / su o sūkiku no / namasu kana

初霜や菊冷え初むる腰の綿　
. hatsu shimo ya kiku hie somuru koshi no wata .
(autumn) chrysanthemums. first frost. cotton wrapper around my hip

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早く咲け九日も近し菊の花　
hayaku sake kunichi mo chikashi kiku no hana

hurry up to bloom -
the Ninth Day is near for you,
chrysanthemum flowers
Tr. Gabi Greve

Written on the 4th day of the 9th lunar month 元禄2年9月4日〔1689.10.16〕 during his trip Oku no Hosomichi.
He stayed at the samurai home of Asai Saryuu 浅井左柳 Asai Saryu in Ogaki 大垣 and this is his hokku at the haikai meeting.
Basho had to leave Asai again on the 6th of the ninth lunar month on his way to Ise.

another version is

早う咲け九日も近し宿の菊
hayoo sake kunichi mo shikashi yado no kiku

hurry up to bloom -
the Ninth Day is near for you,
chrysanthemums by this house
Tr. Gabi Greve

Asai Saryuu 浅井左柳 Asai Saryu
Not much is known about him. His name was Genbei 源兵衛.

Two of his poems from Zoku Sarumino 續猿蓑

鮭の簀の寒氣をほどく初日哉　
名月や草のくらみに白き花　

- - - Station 43 - Oogaki 大垣 Ogaki - - -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

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一露もこぼさぬ菊の氷かな
hito tsuyu mo / kobosanu kiku no / kōri kana
chrysanthemum, ice

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稲こきの姥もめでたし菊の花　
ine koki no uba mo medetashi kiku no hana

how laudable also
this old woman threashing rice -
chrysanthemum flowers

. Basho at Temple Menshooji 妙法山明照寺 .
Hikone, Shiga
Chrysanthemums are a symbol of long life and this old woman was still doing her chores at the old farmhouse. She is to be appraised and celebrated just as the chrysanthemum flowers.

Written in October in 1692 元禄4年, Basho age 48.

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いざよひのいずれか今朝に残る菊　
. izayoi no izure ka kesa ni nokoru kiku .
izayoi is a word usually used for the moon on then next best day, but here Basho uses it for the next best day to view chrysanthemums. The best day for the chrysanthemums is the ninth day (of the ninth lunar month).

影待や菊の香のする豆腐串　
. kagemachi ya kiku no ka no suru toofugushi .
Tofu bean curd on sticks

隠れ家や月と菊とに田三反　
kakurega ya / tsuki to kiku to ni / ta san tan

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- - - - - kangiku 寒菊 chrysanthemum in the cold

寒菊や醴造る窓の前　
. kangiku ya amazake tsukuru mado no saki .

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寒菊や粉糠のかかる臼の端
kangiku ya ko nuka no kakaru usu no hata

quote
The following verse on chrysanthemums, for example, literally places the heavily loaded conventional image in a quotidian “run-of-the-mill” scene.

Winter chrysanthemums
covered by the rice bran
beside the hand mill.

The juxtaposition of two or more images and topics in an opening verse is a typical structure of Shômon haikai and is termed toriawase (combination). Bashô once said:
“One should know that hokku is a construction of combination. Combinations that come from conventional themes are rarely superior; they are mostly stale.”
The hokku above testifies to Bashô’s conviction and sets chrysanthemums outside the conventional periphery of associations: instead of suggesting elegance or the life of a recluse, as seen in Bashô’s earlier haibun on his plantain hut that imitates Tao Qian’s poetry, here chrysanthemums are accompanied by a “hand mill,” an extremely common item in an ordinary person’s life in Bashô’s time.
To achieve novelty and naturalness through unconventional combinations was an important technique Bashô used in his last years; by so doing he shook off the heavy conceptual meanings the old traditions had loaded upon poetic images and brought them back to a natural lightness.
source : Basho-and-the-Dao - Peipei-Qiu

Different types of USU 臼

. The hand mill of the Kappa - folktale .

Winter Chrysanthemums !
Coated with falling rice bran
From the hand-mill nearby.
Tr. Oseko

This was a lighthearted (karumi) hokku of a linked verse meeting with his disciple Shida Yaba 志太野坡.

Written in 1693 元禄6年, Basho age 50.
This hokku has the cut marker YA at the end of line 1.
Basho was sitting outside in the sunshine of his garden, pounding rice with a mortar and mallet (or a handmill) to prepare mochi ricecakes. Some of the flour fell on the chrysanthemums and looked almost like snow.

stone marker at the temple Kikusui-Ji 菊水寺 in Chichibu, Saitama
This is temple nr. 33 at the Chichibu Kannon Pilgrimage.
The name of the temple means "Chrysanthemum Water".

kangiku, lit. "chrysanthemum in the cold"
. fuyugiku 冬菊 winter chrysanthemum .

. Basho and the chausu, cha usu 茶臼 tea-grinding mill * .

. WKD : kazariusu 飾臼 New Year decoration for the mortar .

. ishiusu zuka 石臼塚 mound with old used stone mortars .
Hoosenji 宝仙寺 Hosen-Ji, Tokyo

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菊鶏頭切り尽しけり御命講　
kiku keitoo kiri tsukushi keri Omeikō
. for Nichiren, Saint Nichiren 日蓮 .
and
御命講や油のような酒五升
Omeiki ya abura no yoo na sake go masu

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菊に出て奈良と難波は宵月夜　
. kiku ni dete Nara to Naniwa wa yoi zukiyo .

Naniwa is the old name of Osaka.

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菊の花咲くや石屋の石の間　
kiku no hana / saku ya ishiya no / ishi no ai

菊の香にくらがり登る節句かな　
kiku no ka ni / Kuragari noboru / Sekku kana

菊の香や奈良には古き仏達 - all about the old capital of NARA
. kiku no ka ya Nara ni wa furuki hotoketachi .
- - -
菊の香や奈良は幾代の男ぶり
kiku no ka ya / Nara wa iku yo no / otoko buri

菊の香や庭に切れたる履の底
. kiku no ka ya niwa ni kiretaru kutsu no soko .

菊の後大根の外更になし
kiku no nochi / daikon no hoka / sara ni nashi

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菊の露落ちて拾へば零余子かな
kiku no tsuyu ochite hiroeba nukago kana

a chrysanthemum drops its dew,
but when I pick it up:
a brood bud
Tr. Barnhill

. propagule 零余子 (むかご) mukago, nukago .

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琴箱や古物店の背戸の菊　
. kotobako ya furumono dana no sedo no kiku .

草の戸や日暮れてくれし菊の酒　
. kusa no to ya higurete kureshi kiku no sake .
chrysanthemum sake, chrysanthemum ricewine

見所のあれや野分の後の菊
midokoro no / are ya nowaki no / nochi no kiku

撫子の暑さ忘るる野菊かな
nadeshiko no / atsusa wasururu / no-giku kana

起きあがる菊ほのかなり水のあと
okiagaru / kiku honokanari / mizu no ato

折々は酢になる菊の肴かな
ori ori wa / su ni naru kiku no / sakana kana

盃の下ゆく菊や朽木盆
. sakazuki no shita yuku kiku ya kutsuki bon .
(autumn) chrysanthemum. sake cup. tray from Kitsuki

盃や山路の菊と是を干す
. sakazuki ya yamaji no kiku to kore o hosu .
(autumn) chrysanthemum. this sake cup. mountain road. I drink it all

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shiragiku, shira-giku 白菊 white chrysanthemum

白菊の目に立てて見る塵もなし
. shiragiku no me ni tatete miru chiri mo nashi .
for Shiba Sonome 斯波園女

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白菊よ白菊よ恥長髪よ長髪よ　
shiragiku yo shiragiku yo haji naga kami yo naga kami yo

Written when Basho was around 40 years.
This is a poem expanding on the proverb
- 寿多ければ恥多し / 命長ければ恥多し "Long life has long misery."
"If life is long there is a lot to be ashamed of."
"The longer you live, the more shame you suffer."

The white chrysanthemum is compared to a long life.
The long white petals are compared to the white hair (long life).
(BTW, this is considered of one of Basho's "tsumaranai" trivial poems.

The kireji YO is used four times, but not to CUT, but to emphasize the astonishment, surprise, exclamation.
The word YO is part of the normal Japanese language, not just a kireji for hokku/haiku.
The actual CUT in the meaning is after the word HAJI - shame.
Basho did not use the cut marker YA, which is only used in poetry, but not in normal language.

- - - imagine this - it reads quite strange in Japanese -
shira-giku ya shiragiku ya haji naga kami ya naga kami ya

. - kire 切れ　and kireji 切字　- cut and cut markers . 　　

white chrysanthemum, white chrysanthemum
all that shame with your
long hair, long hair
Tr. Barnhill

shaggy white chrysanthemums
your long hair a disgrace
such long hair　
Tr. Jane Reishhold - 180

Oh you white chrysanthemum!
Oh you white chrysanthemum!
shame - Oh this long hair !
Oh this long hair!
Tr. Gabi Greve

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山中や菊は手折らぬ湯の匂ひ
. Yamanaka ya kiku o taoranu yu no nioi .
(autumn) chrysanthemum. Yamanaka hot spring. Fragrance

痩せながりわりなき菊のつぼみ哉
yase nagara / warinaki kiku no / tsubomi kana

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. WKD : Chrysanthemum (kiku 菊) .

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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

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kari goose geese

source :　www.hoshun.jp
Yamaguchi Hooshun 山口蓬春と水禽図 Water Birds

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病雁の夜寒に落ちて旅寝哉
byoogan no yosamu ni ochite tabine kana
byōgan no yosamu ni ochite tabine kana

a wild goose falls
ill in the cold night;
itinerant sleep
Tr. Haldane

a sick goose
falling in the night’s cold:
sleep on a journey
Tr. Barnhill

like a sick goose
fallen ill on a cold night
I sleep on this journey . . .
Paraverse Gabi Greve

Written in 1689 元禄3年９月, Basho age 47.
Basho was visiting friends at the temple 本福寺 Honpuku-Ji in Katata (Katada) and fell ill himself. His disciple Mikami Senna 三上千那 cared for him.

This hokku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3.

Ando Hiroshige - Descending Geese at Katata 堅田の落雁
One of the 8 scenes of Omi 近江八景

. Basho in Katata 堅田 .

MORE - hokku about - - - tabine 旅寝 sleeping on the road - - -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

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Mikami Senna 三上千那
(1650 - 1723) （慶安3年 - 享保8年4月27日）

11. generation priest at temple 本福寺 Honpuku-Ji in Katata, Otsu 大津堅田.
He was the leading figure of the Basho disciples in Otsu (Ootsu Shoomon 大津蕉門).

He met Basho during the Nozarashi travels and became his disciple in 1685.
When Basho visited his temple in 1689, Basho fell ill.
In 1707 he moved to the retreat "Grove of 100 Plum Trees" 千梅林 of Tanakka Senri.
In 1712 he attained the Buddhist name of Kanno-In 感応院.

In 1743, for the 50th death-anniversary of Matsuo Basho, Tanaka Senri built a memorial marker for Bahso.

- - - - - Hokku by Senna

唇に墨つく児のすゝみ哉

高燈籠昼はものうきはしら哉

近江の蕉門 Basho disciples from Omi
source : michiko328

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雁聞きに京の秋に赴かん
. kari kiki ni miyako no aki ni omomukan .
to listen to the geese I will set out to the capital

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source :　itoyo/basho

鶏頭や鴈の来る時なほあかし
keitoo ya kari no kuru toki nao akashi

these cockscombs -
as the geese arrive
they turn even more red
Tr. Gabi Greve

Written in 1694 元禄７年, Basho age 51.

The Chinese characters of another name for this plant is
ganraikoo 雁来紅 "becoming crimson when the geese come"
. WKD : keitoo 鶏頭 (けいとう) cockscomb, .
kara ai no hana 韓藍の花 flower of Korean indigo
hageitoo 葉鶏頭 amaranth - Amaranthus tricolor.
- kigo for autumn

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雲とへだつ友かや雁の生き別れ
kumo to hedatsu tomo ka ya kari no ikiwakare

like clouds drifting apart,
a wild goose separates, for now,
from his friend
Tr. Barnhill

as clouds drift apart
a wild goose now separates
from his only friend
Tr. Chilcott

Clouds will separate
The two friends, after migrating
Wild goose's departure.
Tr. Yuasa

Written in 1672, Basho age 29. 寛文12
Basho had left Iga Ueno and begun to live in Edo.

His young lord and friend Sengin had died 6 years ago in Iga Ueno, but Basho now has to leave back the memories and move on with his own life.
Basho also had to leave behind a lot of other friends in Iga Ueno.

. Sengin 蝉吟 (1642 - 1666) "Cicada poet" .

This hokku has the segments 6 7 5 and the cut marker YA in the middle of line 2.

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. WKD : Goose, geese (kari, gan) .
kigo for late autumn

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
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kodomo - children

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- kodomo 子供 child, children -

ko 子 child
sutego 捨子 abandoned child
warabe 童部 child

. WKD : kodomo 子供 child, children .

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猿を聞人捨子に秋の風いかに
saru o kiku hito sutego ni aki no kaze ika ni

those who have heard a monkey's cry:
how about this abandoned child
in the autumn wind?
(Tr. Makoto Ueda)

a monkey shriek—
for this abandoned child,
what is the autumn wind like?

or

You who hear the monkey’s cries:
what of an abandoned child
in the autumn wind?
Reference : translations of this haiku

those who listen for the monkeys:
what of this child
in the autumn wind?
Tr. Barnhill
with further discussion of "mono no aware" .

. Nozarashi Kiko 　野ざらし紀行 . "Journal of Bleached Bones in a Field"

The story of a mother monkey ready to give her life for her baby is told in a Chinese classic, 世説新語. Shi-shuo Xin-yu.
The book tells the story of a mother monkey who runs along a riverbank following a boat carrying her captured baby. When she reaches the boat she is so exhausted that she dies with her strong emotions of love and longing.

The Japanese proverb danchoo no omoi 断腸の思い , a "bowls-rending thought", is based on this.

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霜を着て風を敷き寝の捨子哉　
shimo o kite kaze o shikine no sutego kana

it wears frost
and has the wind for a blanket,
this abandoned child . . .

Written in 延宝5年, Basho age 34.
Basho did not see an abandoned child.
But he presents the situation as if he was heartbroken (danchoo no omoi 断腸の思い )lit. "a bowles-rending thought".
The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.

This is a parody of a waka poem by Fujiwara Ryookei 良経 Ryokei (1169-1206) .

きりぎりす鳴くや霜夜のさむしろに - 衣かたしきひとりかもねむ

The crickets are singing and the mist is rising on this cool night.
Am I to sleep alone on the sleeve of my kimono on this rough straw mat?
source for waka : www.shigureden.or.jp

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いざ子供走りありかん玉霰
. iza kodomo hashiri arikan tamaarare (tama-arare) .
At a Haikai meeting in Iga Ueno, at the home of 良品 Ryobon.
Maybe Basho is seeing his haikai friends as the "children" and wants to go out with them playing.

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子ども等よ昼顔咲きぬ瓜むかん
. kodomora yo hiragao sakinu uri mukan .
come on, children, I'll peel a melon !

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子に飽くと申す人には花もなし
ko ni aku to moosu hito ni wa hana mo nashi

For one who says,
"I am tired of children,"
there are no blossoms.

When love is absent, cherry blossoms go unappreciated ...

Robert Aitken ... more
source : books.google.co.jp

MORE
. Matsuo Basho - Family Ties .
His Wife ? Jutei-Ni 寿貞尼
His Son ? Jirobei 二郎兵衛
His nephew Tooin 桃印　Toin

The above hokku is (most probably) for the three children of his wife.

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里の子よ梅折り残せ牛の鞭　
sato no ko yo ume orinokose ushi no muchi

hey village kids,
leave some plum branches:
ox whips
Tr. Barnhill

Written in 1687 貞亨4年春, while Basho was living in Edo.

The image might be of a boy leading an ox or a cow, using a branch as a whip.

There is also an earlier version

里の子よ鞭折り残せ梅の花
sato no ko yo muchi ori-nokose ume no hana

. WKD : ume 梅 (うめ) plum (blossom) .
kigo for spring

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賎の子や稲摺りかけて月を見る
. shizu no ko ya ine surikakete tsuki o miru .
children of low folks, farmer's children, peasant children . . .

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月十四日今宵三十九の童部　
tsuki juuyokka koyoi sanjuu ku no warabe

moon on day fourteen -
tonight I am still thirty-nine
and a child

Written in 天和2年, Basho age 39.
Written at a haikai meeting in the village Kuniyamura in Kaii 甲斐國谷村 at the home of Takayama Biji 高山麋塒.

The full moon was on day fifteen of each lunar month. So on day 14 it is still incomplete.
A man was considered a "full man" at age 40. Since Basho was just 39 years of age, he considers himself still a "child".

. 高山繁文 Takayama Shigefumi - Biji 麋塒 .

There is also a famous children's song about the moon:

お月さま幾つ、十三七つ、まだ年ア若い / お月さまなんぼ十三、七つそりゃまんだ若いな . . .
O-tsuki sama ikutsu sanjuu nanatsu

Mister Moon, how old are you? Thirty-seven? That is still so young. . .

Listen to the song here:
source : www.youtube.com

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mago　孫 grandchildren

祖父親孫の栄えや柿蜜柑
. ooji oya mago no sakae ya kaki mikan .

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- Matsuo Basho - Blessings unto Kasane -

source : unizaru.blog.ocn.ne.jp - cat

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .
Oku no Hosomichi - Station 6 - Nasu 那須 -

So I mounted the horse and started off, when two small children came running after me. One of them was a girl named kasane, which means manifold. I thought her name was somewhat strange but exceptionally beautiful.

If your name, Kasane,
Means manifold,
How befitting it is also
For a double-flowered pink.
Tr. Yuasa

Sora 曽良

かさねとは八重撫子の名成べし
kasane to wa yae nadeshiko no naru beshi

"Double"
must be another name
for "Eightfold Pink"

. WKD - Nadeshiko - Comment by Ad Blankenstijn .

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quote
- Matsuo Basho - Blessings unto Kasane -
Translations and Commentary by Jeff Robbins
With Assistance from Sakata Shoko

Introduction
In his world famous travel journal Oku no Hosomichi, Basho tells of being lost among the fields of Tochigi in the summer of 1689 and finding a kind, considerate farmer who loans them his horse as a guide – ―When the horse will go no further, just let it return‖. As Basho rides and his traveling companion Sora walks away, the farmer‘s two small children, fascinated to see the strange, funny man riding their daddy‘s workhorse:

(From A Narrow Path in the Heartlands)

Two small persons
come running after the horse,
one a little girl
who says her name is
“Kasane”.

Chisaki mono futari ちいさきものふたり
Uma no ato shitaite hashiru 馬の跡したひてはしる
Hitori wa ko-hime nite ひとりは小娘にて
Na o Kasane to iu 名を「かさね」と云

This is ordinarily not a name, but rather a word for - "to pile up in layers, one on top of another".
Furthermore, in the dimension of time, Kasane means - "to reoccur, again and again, in succession"

snip the drawing

The travelers went north, then west, then south; summer passed, then autumn and winter. Now with the cherry blossoms of 1690 in bloom, Basho is in Zeze (Otsu City) near the southern tip of Lake Biwa. (Here Basho requested he be buried, so in Gichuji Temple he remains.)

Someone has asked Basho to choose a name for a newborn baby girl. Basho remembers the Kasane in the Deep North, and passes her name on to the newborn. The following haibun (haiku-like essay) ending in a tanka (the classical form for Japanese poetry) is his prayer for the child‘s happiness and longevity.

(Basho‘s haibun Blessings Unto Kasane)

During my pilgrimage to the Deep North, in one of the villages was a little girl who looked no more than five years old.
She was so small and indescribably charming that I asked her name, and she said “Kasane”.
What an interesting name! In Kyoto rarely is it heard so I wonder how has it has passed down
and what is that “layers, again and again”?

The farmer and his wife wanted a special name for their daughter, not just a name fashionable in Kyoto. What were they thinking of when they linked her heritage and destiny to this lovely multi-faceted word?

“If I had a child this name she would receive,”
I remember saying in jest to my traveling companion and now, unexpectedly, through an acquaintance I have been called on to be Name-giving Parent.

Without being biological parent, Basho gets the magical opportunity to give life through a name and through a poem.

Blessings unto Kasane
Spring passes by
Again and again in layers
Of blossom-kimono
May you see wrinkles
Come with old age

Basho

The words of the tanka may seem simple, however the double and triple meanings:

・the springs shall pass by again and again…
・the layers of kimono, lining and under kimono…
・as the years of your life pile up, the succession of your blossom kimono from bright to sedate…
・each kimono passing onto your daughter,the next layer of yourself…
・wrinkles in the kimono and wrinkles on your face…

weave together to form a web of Blessing and Hope for Kasane and all female children.

- Kasane o gasu
Iku haru o kasane gasane no hana-goromo
shiwa yoru made no oi mo miru beku
Basho

- 賀重
いく春をかさねがさねの花ごろも
しはよるまでの老もみるべく

ばせを

A formal kimono is a two-layer silk robe worn over an under robe, meticulously folded and tucked around the body in flat, even layers. The colors and pattern are chosen in harmony with the woman‘s age. A "blossom-kimono" for a girl entering womanhood might be a soft pink with bold cherry blossom design on the lower portion. A thick brocade sash of a darker contrasting color encircles her waist. The red inner robe shows at the neckline, and where the left side of the skirt covers the right, margins of the kimono lining appear and disappear as she walks.

Kasane, now your time begins, stretching to infinity before unfocused eyes. Soon you‘ll be laughing and playing in the sunshine – that is if no wars come and natural disasters, fatal illness, and financial ruin stay away too. One spring in youth, you shall be given your first "blossom-kimono", an exquisite robe to be worn just once a year to view cherry blossoms, then folded up and stored away until the next time to celebrate Spring under cherry blossoms.

The springs shall come and go with clouds of pink blossoms filling the treetops to fall in a shower of petals as you blossom into a young lady elegant in your impeccably layered kimono. Each year you sit with legs folded under you on the straw mat at a blossom viewing party, creases shall form in the fabric. Carefully, as your mother shows you restore its silky smoothness for another year. I pray the day comes for you to pass this youthful kimono onto your daughter, while you wear one more moderate in color and pattern – and this too passes onto her, and you to the dark and sedate colors of an older woman.

So Kasane, may our nation remain at Peace and the happiness in your family pile up layer upon layer until wrinkles in the fabric no longer smooth out, and you see wrinkles of old age cross your face. Do not despair, my child, for you live again and again as spring passes by and your granddaughters laugh and chatter in their blossom kimono.

The haibun Blessings Unto Kasane and the tanka SPRING PASSES BY offer hope to the smallest females—hope for a childhood without misfortune, hope that she will grow into womanhood and see grandchildren—yet this Message of Hope has been swept under the rug.

A few comprehensive Basho anthologies do give the tanka (e.g. Nihon Koten Bungaku Zenshu volume 71, page 284-85) buried among six hundred pages where nobody notices it. Since I discovered Blessings Unto Kasane thirty years ago I have searched through hundreds of books on haiku, Basho,, or Japanese literature, both English and Japanese, and found no mention of this work. The few male scholars who know of it find it trivial, not worth discussing.

Women, when they know of this work, may see it differently. In the few simple light words of the Tanaka, Basho speaks of what concerns women the succession of life, the happiness of children—the conditions of Peace, both social and family peace, in which little girls can dress up and party with relatives and friends, and life goes on generation after generation. The poem encapsulates the entire life of one woman from newborn to wrinkles in five lines. Has any poet ever reached so deeply into the heart of life.

snip

If you wish to help spread the awareness of Basho‘s poem, - - feel free to download this essay from our home page.

Email: basho4women2youth@yahoo.com
URL: http://www.basho4women2youth.join-us.jp

Basho on women and children 芭蕉：女性と子ども
The warm affectionate Basho　暖かく、感情込った芭蕉　

- - - - - Manuscripts
①　　Blessings Unto Kasane
②　　かさねを賀す
③　　Icons　of　the　Feminine
④　　芭蕉における女性像　

Women and Girls: The Feminine Works of Matsuo Basho
By Jeff Robbins – Basho Researcher
Assisted by Sakata Shoko – Certified Japanese Language Instructor
- - - - - source : www.basho4women2youth.

. yanagi gasane 柳重 Kasane willow robes for spring .

. Matsuo Basho Archives - His Life and Works .

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. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

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05/07/2012

toshi no kure - end of the year

一休が土器買む年の市
Ikkyuu ga kawarake kawan toshi no ichi

priest Ikkyu buys
a clay dish -
Year-End Market

or

I am going to buy
a clay dish used by priest Ikkyu -
Year-End Market

. Ikkyu Sojun 一休宗純 (1394-1481) Zen priest .
He was quite an eccentric, frequenting brothels and sometimes using a skull as a begging bowl.

. WKD : kawarake かはらけ clay dishes .
they were used to drink New Year Sake (o-toso　お屠蘇) and then usually thrown away.

- - - - - Interpreting the ga as NO
Ikkyuu NO kawarake kawan toshi no ichi
would lead to the idea that Basho himself went to the market to try and buy a dish, or maybe a skull bowl that Ikkyu had used in his time.
a paraverse thanks to - Naotaka Uematsu -

"Hey, let's buy that china bowl（skull) which Ikkyuu loved to use for begging, coz it's auspicious("irony") year-end sale."

From the collection
. - Moto no Mizu もとの水 - 句集 -　A Hokku Collection attributed to Basho in 1787 - .

- - - - -

年の市線香買ひに出でばやな
toshi no ichi senkoo kai ni idebayana

Year-End market -
I go out to buy
some incence

Written in the last month of 1686 貞亨３年師走.

Basho, who lived like a recluse, was not accustomed to the lively atmosphere of so many people coming together for their year-end preparations and last buys.
Let us hope they sold some incense at the market too.

. WKD : koo, senkoo 線香 incense, incense stick .

- - - - -

何にこの師走の市にゆく烏　
nani ni kono shiwasu no ichi ni yuku karasu

why does it head
to the market at year's-end?
a flying crow
Tr. Barnhill

O crow,
why are you flying from here
to the noisy town?
Tr. DS

Written in 1689 元禄2年, Basho age 46, at Zeze 膳所.

Basho sees himself as a crow, heading for the busy Year-End Market. But he wonders what he, feeling like an outsider, is really doing there . . .
Or maybe he really observed a crow heading to the center of Zeze town, when he watched the winter sky?

. WKD : shiwasu no ichi 師走の市 December market .

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. - - - WKD : toshi wasure 年忘 "forget the old year" - .

半日は神を友にや年忘レ
. hanjitsu wa kami o tomo ni ya toshi wasure .

人に家をかははせて我は年忘
. hito ni ie o kawasete ware wa toshi wasure .

魚鳥の心は知らず年忘れ
. uo tori no kokoro wa shirazu toshi wasure .

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せつかれて年忘するきげんかな
setsukarete toshi wasure suru kigen kana

being invited so urgently
I take part in the year-end party
and now I feel great . . .

Written after 貞亨元年, Basho between 41 and 51 years.
This hokku has the cut marker at the end of line 3.

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. - - - WKD : toshi yooi 年用意 "preparations for the New Year" .

須磨の浦の年取ものや柴一把
. Suma no Ura no toshitori mono ya sai ichiha / ichipa .

passing into the New Year
at Suma no Ura -
a bundle of brushwood
Tr. Gabi Greve

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. WKD : Ending of a season, ending of the year .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

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14/06/2012

Kanazawa disciples

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- Disciples from Kanazawa　金沢 -

. shoomon 蕉門 Shomon, Basho disciples .

under construction
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Choomu 蝶夢　ちょうむ）Chomu (1732 - 1796)
. Goshoo-An Choomu 五升庵蝶夢 Chomu (Butterfly Dream) .

Hasui 巴水
Editor of . Komojishi Shuu 薦獅子集 Komojishi Collection - 1693 .
(not much known about him)

Hori Bakusui 堀麦水　（ほりばくすい）

Iijima Karyoo 飯島珈涼　（いいじまかりょう）

Kagami Shikoo 各務支考　（かがみしこう）

Kawai Kenpuu 河合見風　（かわいけんぷう）

Kawanaka Otsuyuu 中川乙由　（なかがわおつゆう）

Kihaku 既白　（きはく）

Kishi Daisui 岸大睡　（きしだいすい）

Kodera Koosen 小寺後川　（こでらこうせん）

Kuroseya Sankoo 黒瀬屋山叩　（くろせやさんこう）

Nakagawa Bakuroo 中川麦浪　（なかがわばくろう）

Ozaki Kookoo 尾崎康工　（おざきこうこう）

Uo jakusui 卯尾若推　（うおじゃくすい）

Sawa Rosen 沢露川　（さわろせん）

Sengoku Rogenboo 仙石廬元坊　（せんごくろげんぼう）

Shi senjo 紫仙女　（しせんじょ）

Soogoya Suejo 相河屋すへ女　（そうごやすえじょ）
Soogoya Shiho 相河屋之甫　（そうごやしほ）

Suma Jo 須磨女　（すまじょ）

Tachiya Johon 館屋如本　（たちやじょほん）

. Takakuwa Rankoo 高桑闌更 Takakuwa Ranko .

Wada Ki-In 和田希因　（わだきいん）

Wada Uchuu 和田宇中　（わだうちゅう）

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. Oku no Hosomichi - Kanazawa .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

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ka fragrance

source :　sixstairs.blog87 - 山田尚公

何の木の花とはしらず匂かな
nani no ki no hana to wa shirazu nioi kana

from what tree's
blossoms I know not:
such fragrance!
Tr. Barnhill

from which tree’s bloom
it comes, I do not know––
this fragrance
Tr. Ueda

At Ise Yamada 伊勢山田
Written on the 4th day of the second lunar month, 貞亨5年2月4日
After visiting the outer shrine at Ise.

I don't know from which tree
these blossoms are, -
but such a fragrance !
Tr. Gabi Greve

The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.

This is in memory of a waka by Saigyo

なにごとのおはしますかは知らねども
かたじけなさに涙こぼるる

nanigoto no owashimasu ka wa shirane domo
katajikenasa ni namida kobururu

What holy being
is there, I do not know
and yet
my heart feels the blessings so,
tears flow out of my eyes.
Tr. Ueda

. Saigyo 西行 and Basho .

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蘭の香や蝶の翅に薫物す
. ran no ka ya choo no tsubasa ni takimono su .
(autumn) fragrance of orchids. butterfly's wings. incense

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memorial stone in Otsu town, at the shore of Lake Biwako

さざ波や風の薫りの相拍子
さざ波や風の薫の相拍子
sazanami ya kaze no kaori no ai byooshi
sazanami ya kaze no kaori no ai byōshi

gentle waves of Lake Biwako -
matching the rhythm
with the fragrant breeze
Tr. Gabi Greve

Written in the 5th lunar month 1694 元禄7年5月, Basho age 51. Oi Nikki 笈日記

Basho was on his last trip to Kamigata and stayed in Zeze at the home of Yuutoo 能大夫游刀
Yuto, the No actor. This is the greeting ku to his host.
ai-byooshi 相拍子 is a technical term from Noh theater.

source :　Haiku Sweets from kikyou0123

sazanami　さざなみ　is a pillow word for lake Biwako　琵琶湖, especially the West side along Shiga.
- - - - - . Temple Gichuuji 義仲寺 Gichu-Ji.

While Basho stayed with Yuto, he also wrote this:

湖や暑さを惜しむ雲の峰
mizuumi ya atsusa o oshimu kumo no mine
mizu-umi ya

this lake -
the billowing clouds
still hold the heat

A cool wind comes along the lake Biwako, but the clouds above Mount Hieizan seem red in the evening sun and still hot.

sazanami ya kaze no kaori no ai byooshi
. - Haiku - the Poetry of Nouns - Matsuo Basho .

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年の市線香買ひに出でばやな
. toshi no ichi senkoo kai ni idebayana .
(winter) Year-End Market. I go out to buy some incence

. - ume ga ka 梅が香 plum fragrance - .

早稲の香や分け入る右は有磯海
わせの香や分入右は有磯海
. wase no ka ya wakeiru migi wa Arisoumi .
fragrance of early rice Ariso-umi

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清く聞かん耳に香焼いて郭公
kiyoku kikan / mimi ni kō taite / hototogisu

burning incense
Written in 天和3年, Basho age 40.

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. WKD : Smell and Fragrance in Haiku .

. koo　香 incense .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

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Kumasaka

Kumasaka fighting Yoshitsune

©　More images in the Japanese WIKIPEDIA !

. Minamoto no Yoshitsune 源の義経 (1159 - 1189) .
- Introduction -

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KUMASAKA
A Play in two Acts, by Ujinobu, adopted son of Motokiyo
CHARACTERS
A Priest.
First Shite, or Hero, the apparition of Kumasaka in the form of an old priest.
Second Shite, the apparition of Kumasaka in his true form.
Chorus. This chorus sometimes speaks what the chief characters are thinking, sometimes it describes or interprets the meaning of their movements.
PLOT. -- The ghost of Kumasaka makes reparation for his brigandage by protecting the country. He comes back to praise the bravery of the young man who had killed him in single combat.
- - - Read the text here :
- source : etext.virginia.edu

KUMASAKA - By ZENCHIKU UJINOBU (1414-1499?)
A PRIEST FROM THE CAPITAL.
A PRIEST OF AKASAKA (really the ghost of the robber KUMASAKA NO CHOHAN).
CHORUS.
KUMASAKA :
To-day is some one's birthday. I beg of you to pray for the salvation of his soul.
- - - Read the text here :
- source : www.sacred-texts.com

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Famous places related to the Noh theater in Kaga, Ishikawa
source :　mugiya/kaga-2.

熊坂長範出生地　〔加賀市熊坂町〕Kaga, Kumasaka village

With a special Noh theater to appease the souls of Kumasaka.

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sword guard with Kumasaka 熊坂長範の図の鍔

With more images about Kumasaka in Ishikawa :
- source : kelu-cafe/e

. tsuba 鍔 sword guard .

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Kumasaka Camellia - Camellia japonica 'Kumasaka'

Kumasaka camellia
evergreen accent for the shade
native to Asia

- Shared by Gennady Nov -
Haiku Culture Magazine, 2013

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- - - - - Matsuo Basho - - - - -

熊坂がゆかりやいつの玉祭
Kumasaka ga yukari ya itsu no tama matsuri

remembering Kumasaka
right here - the festival
for the souls
Tr. Gabi Greve

Written on the way from Echuu to Kaga, on the 15th day of the 7th lunar month 1689,元禄2年7月15日.
Kumasaka is said to have been born in Ishikawa prefecture 石川県国江沼郡三木村.
This is an allusion to the Noh song (yookyoku 謡曲) about him.

In the records of his companion Sora, it reads

熊坂がその名やいつの玉祭 - Kumasaka ga sono na ya itsu no tama matsuri

The cut marker YA is in the middle of line 2.

. WKD : tama matsuri 玉祭 festival for the souls, O-Bon.

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- - - - - Kobayashi Issa - - - - -

熊坂が大長刀を秋の風
kumasaka ga oonaginata o aki no kaze

blowing on Kumasaka's
great halberd ...
autumn wind
Tr. David Lanoue

熊坂が大長刀をあられ哉
kumasaka ga oonaginata o arare kana

hailstones
on the great halbeard
of Kumasaka . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve

The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.

熊坂が長刀にちる螢哉
kumasaka ga naginata ni chiru hotaru kana

fireflies
scattered by the halberd
of Kumasaka . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve

The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.

. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .

by Utagawa Kuniyoshi 歌川国芳
Click for more images !

. naginata 薙刀 / 長刀 / 眉尖刀 Japanese halberd .

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霞みけり物見の松に熊坂が
kasumikeri monomi no matsu ni kumasaka ka

spring haze
at the "Lookout Pine"
is that Kumasaka ?

. Natsume Soseki 夏目漱石 .

monomi no matsu 物見松 the lookout pine

by Ichieisai Yoshitsuya

At the Lookout Pine Tree, the Bandits Plot against the Kaneuri Brothers
(Gôzokura no monomi no matsu ni Kaneuri kyôdai o hakaran to su):
The Story of Ushiwakamaru and Kumasaka Chôhan
source : www.mfa.org/collections

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熊蝉の熊坂長範啼き出すよ
kumazemi no kumasaka choohan nakidasu yo

Takazawa Ryooichi 高澤良一 Takazawa Ryoichi

kumazemi 熊蝉 bear cicada, Cryptotympana japonensis

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Oku no Hosomichi
. - - - Station 33 - Echigo 越後路 - - - .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

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kokoro - heart, mind, soul

Many temples and some shrines in Japan feature a pond in the shape of the Chinese character HEART, kokoro　心 toward the exit of the temple grounds. Thus, the heart, mind, soul is washed clean as you leave.
. Kokoro no Ike 心の池　Heart Pond .

. Flower-Heart (hanagokoro, hana gokoro 花心) .
... that expression seems already been used in Heian poetry ... the heart of a lady in love, but also the heart changing as fast as cherry blossoms fall ...
onna-gokoro 女心 is another version.

BTW, the biological heart of a living being is
shinzoo　心臓　heart

Matsuo Basho wrote a few hokku about his own "kokoro" and that of others.

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秋近き心の寄るや四畳半
. aki chikaki kokoro no yoru ya yojoohan .
our hearts are drawn together in the small tea room

あこくその心も知らず梅の花
. Akokuso no kokoro mo shirazu ume no hana .
I do not know his heart

朝よさを誰松島ぞ片心
. asayosa o taga Matsushima zo katagokoro .
asa yosa o taga Matsushima zo kata kokoro

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葉にそむく椿の花やよそ心
ha ni somuku tsubaki no hana ya yosogokoro

the camellia blossom
goes against the leaf -
absentmindedness

Written after 貞亨元年, Basho age 41 or later

yoso gokoro, yoso-gokoro ... the heart goes astray . . .

. WKD : tsubaki つばき -　椿 camellia .

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幾霜に心ばせをの松飾り
. iku shimo ni kokoro baseo no matsukazari .
my mind is always "Baseo"

君や蝶我や荘子が夢心
. kimi ya cho ware ya Sooji ga yumegokoro .
the dream-heart of a butterfly

この心推せよ花に五器一具
. kono kokoro suiseyo hana ni goki ichigu .
this my heart you will know

まづ祝へ梅を心の冬籠り
. mazu iwae ume o kokoro no fuyu-gomori / fuyugomori .
winter seclusion of the soul

なかなかに心をかしき臘月哉
. naka naka ni kokoro okashiki shiwasu kana .
I feel quite at ease here.
For his host Suganuma Kyokusui 菅沼曲水 to thank for a barrel of New Year sake.

野ざらしを心に風のしむ身かな
. nozarashi o kokoro ni kaze no shimu mi kana .
piercing wind in my mind
Nozarashi Kiko　野ざらし紀行

住みつかぬ旅の心や置火燵
. sumitsukanu tabi no kokoro ya okigotatsu .
my traveling mind

七夕の逢はぬ心や雨中天
. Tanabata no awanu kokoro ya uchuuten .
At Tanabata, the hearts can't meet because of a rainy sky.

魚鳥の心は知らず年忘れ　
. uo tori no kokoro wa shirazu toshi wasure .
the heart of fish and birds. I do not understand.

義朝の心に似たり秋の風
. Yoshitomo no kokoro ni nitari aki no kaze .
the soul of Yoshitomo

四つ五器のそろはぬ花見心哉
. yotsu goki no sorowanu hanami gokoro kana .
my mind enjoys cherry blossom viewing

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- - - - - haiku including the words

. - tabi 旅 travel, travelling - .
- - - tabine 旅寝 sleeping on the road
- - - tabi no kokoro 旅の心, tabigokoro 旅心 "the mind of a traveler"

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. Kokoro no Ike 心の池　Heart Pond .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

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